Russia continuously positions being among the most negative of popular places during the anti-GLB perceptions (Pew Look Cardiovascular system, bkz. dos013). dos % away from Russian professionals supported so it glance at from inside the 1998, whenever you are 64.dos % did thus an excellent -a reversal of the global trend to your deeper greet included in very democracies. Contained in this 2013 Pew research, Russia ranked among the many nations showing the least positive attitudes, in just 8.step 3 % of members revealing that exact same-gender sexuality wasn’t completely wrong after all. Since the has just since the 2015, inside a study away from 800 Russians avove the age of 18 and residing 46 some other areas of the country, 37 % stated that homosexuality are a disease that really must be medically addressed; twenty-six % reported that homosexuality is the consequence of a bad upbringing or promiscuity; and thirteen % thought that homosexuality was due to sexual seduction otherwise punishment (Levada Heart, 2015). Just 11 % reported that homosexuality are good sexual direction of birth one to rationalized an equivalent rights as an excellent heterosexual orientation. During the 2013, in the a study regarding 1600 respondents, 5 % reported that homosexuals should be liquidated, a good Russian euphemism to possess killing, cleaning away, otherwise losing someone (Levada Center, 2013).
According to later Igor Kon, the nation’s extremely listed sexologist, homosexuals was the quintessential stigmatized of all social organizations (Kon, 2002)
of people from Russia, 27 % recommended “liquidation,” and you can thirty two % endorsed isolation to own homosexuals. Only several % best “leaving all of them alone,” and you may only six % endorsed permitting all of them (Kon & Riordan, 1993). Inside the an excellent 1994 replication research, the fresh acceptance regarding liquidation out-of homosexuals had dropped so you’re able to 18 %, separation got dropped in order to 23 %, while the proportions to have making all of them alone and wish to enable them to had risen up to 29 and you will 8 %, correspondingly (Kon 1998).
These types of prevailing bad perceptions do not seem to differ a beneficial package on outcome of earlier lookup into the perceptions toward homosexuality in the Perestroika months, otherwise just after Russia turned into a different condition
For the 1998, for the a survey of your own general population, attitudes appeared to be transferring a far more acknowledging assistance; just 17.5 % and you will 14.seven % out of participants supported liquidation and you will isolation, correspondingly, and you will a full forty.8 % recommended making homosexuals by yourself (VTsIOM poll 1998, due to the fact cited when you look at the Kon 1998). Despite this type of attitudinal changes, one-third of them polled believed homosexuality an illness otherwise a consequence of psychic trauma, and one 3rd viewed it as an excellent depravity otherwise a detrimental habit; simply 18 % thought it to be a valid orientation toward right to exist. Although it is not possible to conduct a strict review, due to different sampling methodologies, current search suggests the percent regarding enjoy and you will stigmatization get into comparable patterns when you look at the latest Russian populace, maybe having a slide for the affirming attitudes since 2000s, into majority of people polled promoting the view you to definitely exact same-gender sexual relations was inappropriate (Anderson & Fetner, 2008; Levada Cardiovascular system, 2013; 2015).
As with research in other countries which ultimately shows that higher education was definitely synchronised with better tolerance so you can homosexuality (Anderson & Fetner, 2008), Russian individuals with all the way down training levels endorse unlawful prosecution more would a great deal more very educated anyone (Levada Center, 2015). Even when in several nations, female usually recommend a great deal more positive thinking to your homosexuality (Anderson & Fetner, 2008), a beneficial gender gap hasn’t been continuously used in Russia; like, zero gap was used in 2013 (Pew Research Center, 2013), even in the event Russian women was actually discover to help you recommend deeper threshold toward homosexuality into the earlier look (Chervyakov, Kon, & Shapiro 1993).
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